Children are innocent. They don’t know how to fight for
their rights. Actually, they don’t know anything about their rights. This is
the responsibility of the country to provide them their basic rights. With more
than a third of its population below the age of 18, India has the largest child
population in the world.
The very survival of the Indian child is a matter of
concern. Around 2.5 million children die in India every year, accounting for
one in five deaths in the world, with girls being 50% more likely to die. The
very existence of the girl-child is under threat. Defying the normal
male-female balance, the higher survival capacity of girl babies, and greater
life expectancy of women to men prevalent in human populations, the female-male
balance in India has been adverse to females for at least 100 years. The 1901
National Census recorded a female-male ratio of 972 to 1,000 males, for all
ages. Virtually every subsequent census showed a decline. There has been a
marginal improvement in the percentage of students who stay in school until
Class 5 -- from 61.2% to 62% -- but this is way below the global average of
83.3%. In high-altitude areas of India, severe weather conditions for more than
7 months of the year make school attendance erratic and force children to
remain at home. Gender also contributes to a child’s lack of access to
education.
India has the world’s largest number of sexually abused
children. A Global School-Based Student
Health Survey found that 20% and 65% of school going children reported having
been verbally and physically bullied in the last 30 days. ILO estimates show
there were 218 million child labourers in 2004, out of which 126 million were
engaged in hazardous work.
India, is definitely working towards ensuring that each
child gets his/her right. In India, the National Commission for Protection of
Child Rights (NCPCR) was set up in March 2007 under the Commission for
Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005, an Act of Parliament (December 2005). The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act
or Right to Education Act (RTE), was passed by the Indian parliament on 4
August 2009, making India one of the 135 countries to make education a
fundamental right of every child. The Act makes education a fundamental right
of every child between the ages of 6 and 14 and specifies minimum norms in
elementary schools. It requires all private schools to reserve 25% of seats to
children from poor families (to be reimbursed by the state as part of the
public-private partnership plan).
Indian Government needs to re-examine the legal framework
for children as whole. They need to identify the loopholes and then take proper
measures against them. Policies once created, should be effectively implemented.
Children are the future of tomorrow, and this future needs to be carved out
with utmost care.
Regards
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